Kid

 Brother's neighbor keeps a flock of sheep, each to have brought my son to see his brother, I do not love stopping by have not. The son insisted I go, it seems like my home, where the small guys all know, to me When the tour guide it. my mother, which is a dog; mother, which is a small dove; mother, which is chicken; mother, sheep here ......< br> I like small animals, when I see the jump kind of like when the kid Baoyi Bao their impulses, thanks to remind his son: Mom, can not be too close, or the sheep will be top of your mother. (ha ha, it seems, the son of experience) in the mother naughty lamb around for a nurse, a mother who at that look reminds me of the son, hearts filled with deep maternal love.
son was born with only 2.8 kg, head of a large sweet pear, feet moving, wrinkled, Mao Mao, I can not move him a few days, mother and grandmother were changing his diapers. A week later some people like it, I will not let him lay nurse, always hold him, the old man said that children can not hold either to fit inside. first-time mothers, love their children too, do not want to let him cry, so the total secretly hold him, the son of the results of eighteen days really know when to hold comfortably, and a cry down, regardless of day and night asleep or awake, the body parts next to the bed he had a cry. the old man said to cry tears, leave him, cried enough to stop crying. Results son's belly button protrudes a 5cm high, we went to the hospital scared The doctor said nothing, as far as possible do not let him cry slowly will be good. This is what we in turn hold for a month, but the old body hold long against him, had to think of ways to make him lie down, buy toys, storytelling, singing, my mother lying on his stomach to sleep. until he was lying on his bed for six months, less crying. Well, then I can fall asleep all day too tired to eat dinner, not really very easy. (from son I began to take him two months)
son did not leave me one day a week and a half to find a nanny, I go to work, let an son cried every day, every few days illness, adhere to the six months, or No, every day crying: Mama Do not go to work, with me, OK? I flew back to my arms crying, alas, this is my greatest torment! son, my mother would like to see you every day and see laugh at you, watch you, watching you trouble, but you always have to grow up, you should learn self-reliance! over the years, I accompanied him for two months, sent a few days should the little guy cried Kindergarten , son, we must live up to expectations, adapt to kindergarten early life, this is the first step in your life, mother I believe you, as you leave the mother will be happy, there are teachers and other children with you, pick you up from school my mother, you will grow up, son!
Although you sometimes provoke angry mother, but her mother did not because you are tired of sending you to school, my mother is I hope you grow better and faster!

Anonymous

 My mother just gave birth unknown unknown

my father smiled at me:

to name what the name of one's life does not
I see > I'm about to go to school
flute unknown
father looked at me:
what to name the new China is building

I do unknown
three decades
I firmly shook my hand Mother:

to name people do not seek a life worthy of the name of conscience on the line

now about six years old
I am nameless mother patted my shoulder
:
to name what others say you have sincere

I see

Chen Zhiwu, a market economy leads to personal freedom of the road cast

 Chen Zhiwu: market economy, individual freedom of the road leading cast
Zhiwu
Economic Observer May 3, 2010
market economy in the past few decades has created enormous social wealth, but also created a brilliant spiritual civilization. about how to market and government to discuss the division of labor has never stopped. The economic crisis faced by the free market economy more questions, abuses amplified in a crisis. So, what should we not be limited to the immediate from a deeper process of human civilization to consider the market and commercial development in order to clearly see the After the global crisis at home and abroad are in the market economy, for business or commercial civilization, some reflection. The reflection itself is very healthy, have a different reflection, give us new opportunities to re-recognize the human, understanding of different social arrangements the merits, value judgments, but also gives us the opportunity to look again at China and other societies in the past, present and future.
everyone today market economy, market-oriented reforms, the new classical economics, or neo-liberal economics mainstream ideas, it seems more negative view. of course in human history, including in the past century, this is not the first time, and can not be the last of the human society's suspicion of the market economy, as a group of human beings is such animals, it is easy to not pay attention to little things and experiences to be quarter past one confused by the experience of the past even longer, drawn from a longer history of more prolonged in the general sense to forget them.
, for example, on market and government allocation of resources in the economic division of labor, 30 years in the 20th century, two camps have Ge discussion, that the free market during the economic crisis in a high state, while the socialist planned economy is in rapid development, therefore, to discuss to discuss go, no matter what kind of arrangement is more consistent with human nature in terms of logic, the motivation is more consistent with human nature, that the actual performance difference mm although hindsight is based on the results of comparative mm short time so that the world was generally agreed that based on administrative Soviet model of power in allocating resources better, more conducive to economic growth. So, in that the conclusions based on sex under the spur of the moment, after World War II, from Eastern Europe to Asia, Africa, Latin America and even Western Europe, North America, in varying degrees on the imitation of the Soviet planned economy, or that the government regulate the economy, the government owned and operated business model.
to 1970 years ago, the world has a state-owned enterprises, but to the era of the late 20th century, 70 countries have comprehensive loss for the state-owned enterprises , and more heavy losses, forcing people to reflect on government-run economy, regulate the economy mode. those losses and reflection for the subsequent worldwide large-scale privatization, re-laid the foundation for market-oriented reform. It has 1978 Deng Xiaoping's reform and opening up of China in 1980 after Reagan, wife of British Saqi Er privatization, then privatization of Russia and Eastern Europe, etc., on the nationalization after World War II and economic administration of the reversal. Of course, the crisis after impact, the Chinese people once again saw the difference with the performance of the private market economy, so people ask: Is it also the economy over the past 30 years , to quarter past one of the short-term experience to draw general conclusions. are derived from the principal-agent chain, the benefits of the inevitable distortions, then the market can not be eliminated by the government instead of the financial crisis and the economic crisis, because the system of government power contained in the agency chain with the main mm than the market's principal-agent problem is that there have been the no less. Therefore, the chain is too long to solve the modern market transactions brought to the crisis, not by the government to replace the market more, because the democratic rule of law, including the United States, the power system for the government agency issues contained in the regulation mechanism are far less regulation in the principal-agent problems the company is more reliable mechanism, which, after all, the majority of market participants can rely on the pressure to solve, not to mention the issue of checks and balances in other countries have not solved.
but Today, I still hope to interpret the market from another angle the economic, commercial development on the contribution of human society, that is, market development is how to freedom That is, the process of allocation of resources, economic and non-economic functions
in China, in human history, full control over the economy by the government the power short history, after all, is the modern thing, at least not the main theme of human history. that is, from a longer view of human history, market development, and commercial civilization is the first or more important, relative to restrict individual freedom, repression of human nature in terms of the traditional social system. This is because the power of modern government in the modern market-driven allocation of resources before the human society allocation of resources is neither executive power nor community organizations to complete the market, including home, family, clan, church, temple, community-eup, associations and so on. commercial development of the market mature, the market system not only replaces the traditional societies better realize the benefits of interpersonal exchange, but also to liberate the people. In other words, we should progress of human civilization from a deeper perspective to think about the market, commercial development, to see the forest, but not limited to the immediate trees.
very familiar to our pop songs for decades, has been widely welcomed, as it represents the traditional Chinese marriage, the family's highest level. If so, we take a look at Chinese people always look forward to What is included? of any person's life, nothing more than marriage and family is more important and more sweets and bitters of his life. Like such a fundamental cornerstone of life, developed or underdeveloped market of how to impact of? our core philosophy of life, how is it subject to market hair developed?
song a beginning, the contents of the set. Next, complementarity of economic production and mutual aid body. engagement supported by family, so that the division of labor with confidence, not the basis of breach of contract because, although no two people can be carried out between the labor division of labor, but not necessarily guarantee a smooth co-operation basis of trust, in order to strengthen trust, two people, marriage is a two way, even the most important way of traditional society. is the production of the sense of a family alliance, to ensure the advantages of each other's work can be reliably play, so that high output, low output uncertainty.
the next sentence, However, a deeper meaning, home security is a mutual insurance system, is a member of the risks of trading across time and space between the body, as if an internal financial market. With such an unconditional alliance and mutual assistance, no matter what happens next, is the wind or rain, is sick, natural disasters or old, are not afraid! This alliance enhances the risk of resistance to each other, the ability to respond to unexpected events, namely, the economic risk of trading functions at home.
sweet comfort support so hard it can become sweet.
each other, this risk, so that two people in the world of mental and emotional love each other, then the two of them will be able to fly all over the world, in the material and spiritual, where not afraid!
other words, marriage ; home slowly rise, both husband and wife around the house also hours together, and also mainly with the parents and their children, eat, sleep together, work together to produce. However, with the development of industrialization, more and more people leave the rural areas, agriculture into the factory and the city, engaged in non- farmers. Then, the ; restaurant, the couple still can not work together, life? but now more and more companies of the commercial areas, stores the company of, such as the United States, Carrefour, Wal-Mart and other companies have made many traditional grocery stores out of business, South Beauty , Yonghe King, McDonald's, Starbucks and other chain restaurants the company put a lot of between husband and wife spend time together, there are parents, family time with their children, will change dramatically. As mentioned above, in accordance with the eat, sleep together, work together. If we do a simple study, compared to 1000 years ago, 200 years ago, 50 years ago and is now generally husband and wife spend together each year the number of hours to see how the changes in this indicator. the original without industrialization, the family as a production unit, the couple may have a daily 20 to 22 hours together. Of course, that the opportunity may be tired of each other a lot, but from another angle, couples and family feeling and also a high degree of close relationship between . always together, it is difficult not to know each other.
Now industrialization, urbanization, corporatization, more and more couples together, even if there is no way to. In Beijing, most of the morning six or seven couples points up, quickly finished breakfast to you to your unit, I went to my company, and then eight or nine at night before returning home. Therefore, we will find that couples spend together, the number of hours each year in over a century, especially in the past 30 years, the rapid decline. From this point of view to understand that China's sense of Perhaps not the nature of the production units, and less, the feelings between husband and wife may actually deeper than before, because the original is not worth 24 hours a day with the treasure, now with less time, but to make each other how to think in the end to new ways to strengthen their marriage and family. In short, industrialization and the development of the company in the change of traditional marriage and family. today's br> When the market trading tools were developed to force
, the traditional business more complicated.
research data we look at a group of .2008, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Professor Fan Bohong with his two colleagues did a study object 150 is Thailand's largest family business, look at these families corporate head of children and relatives who marry. They were collected from 1991 to 2006, 16 years of marriage in the 200 samples, and these marriages were divided into three categories: the first is a political marriage, child marriage, family business object government officials children; the second category is a commercial alliance, the object is also the children of family business; third category is neither the power factor, there is no commercial purpose, but to love-based marriage. the total sample, the 33% of the family corporate marriage is a political marriage of their children, business marriage was 46.5% frequency of occurrence, these two together, 79.5% of the total sample, nearly 80%, only 20% of marriages is due to love. Interestingly, when the family children of the marriage business object to the announcement, if it is love marriage, then the family firm's stock market did not respond, and if the object is a marriage officer or the children of other family business, then the price will go up a lot.
Obviously, the family business is not child's freedom of marriage, marriage is not the result of love, but to the family business interests to talk to other business consortia, government officials, family, marriage, because marriage to expand the family business of trading opportunities and resources for space, reducing a marriage relationship between family business transaction costs. In fact, the stock market hope to do business head of the family.
Why in Thailand, Hong Kong and Taiwan and other Asian countries and regions are often the children of the marriage business tool, and in the United States This phenomenon has been little community? Asian societies are there other options?
answer lies in the level of development of the market, more specifically, depending on market transactions, credit environment, that the market system architecture, as well as resources, equality of opportunity is open . If everyone equal opportunity to all industries and opening up, businesses and government power to decrease the need for marriage, children, freedom of marriage and thus also the liberation; if the market is a strange business transactions on the credit not a problem, then, between businesses They do not need to strengthen the family through the marriage of the credit relationship between enterprises. business marriage, the political marriage is not in place outside the rule of law, the credit mechanism is also largely dependent on blood product of a traditional society, is the performance of developed markets.
To further illustrate this that we take a look at what the industry is more inclined to use family business and political alliance, commercial alliance. First, they found Professor Fan, need government approval to enter the industry, family businesses that 93% of the marriage of their children is a political marriage, business marriage, especially in the family business of real estate and construction industry, 96% of their children to commercial interests to marriage, much less government control than the relationship between industry, the frequency of marriage. On the contrary, is a high degree of market-oriented industries, love, marriage, family business proportion of children is also high. for the Chinese people, which is not surprising, because we have become accustomed to this tradition, by marriage to the family business interests protected, so that their own property from the threat of government power, The marriage occurred with the strength of the corporate family, you can expand the prospects for future development. marriage occurred because of interest, people become carriers of specific transactions.
In contrast, in the United States today, Gates Ye Hao, Ye Hao Buffett , head of family businesses do not require their daughters to marry for family interests. Western society with the previously mentioned here, similar to Thailand and China, however, with the deepening of the market development of contractual mechanisms, reduction of government regulation, entrepreneurs marriage of their children were gradually liberated. the development of market trading mechanisms to reduce government control, not only more equitable trade and reduce transaction costs between strangers, and decided to private enterprises, family businesses whether the children of free love in the end, free to marry. Market is so specific to the individual the right to freedom back.
friends say, to the interests of the family, sacrificed his marriage What is the relationship? a lifetime of happiness for the people, what is most important and decisive? is marriage, which decide who to live your life, with whom children born. In particular, when the marriage is made because of family benefits, the future is almost no possibility of divorce, you can not say did not marry for love.
When interpersonal transaction is not in the market, but in personified form occurs, people become tools, human values determined by their instrumental value. We can look at the family business in Japan Inheritance of habit. In China, we say relationships outside the family who took over the business, he could very capable, but may not rely on the letter, however, principal-agent problem may be serious. However, nature of the decision.
We know that in the past more than a century, Western society developed a market of professional managers, so that the family not only in the children of founders, find successors, not favoritism, but through the contractual relationship and match the rule of law framework, to the wide community to recruit, meritocratic can. In this way, the children of the founder companies of interest to their own free choice of employment, and will not except the father have no other choice than enterprises, but the success of the cause of his father loss of freedom.
However, the U.S. market development of professional managers or something modern, in its prior to deduce the other community had to solve business problems workarounds heritage. In Japan, Mitsui Group Mitsui Gao, founder of a sentence saying, Enterprises of succession, so that his son is not necessarily a successor, business head of his son and the company will have the ability to pick a young middle; if he chooses not natural son, let his daughter marry the selected first young people, and other daughter married a year later, another ceremony, the son surname Mitsui, Mitsui home by the son as the adopted son of an oath, and Mitsui will be to the benefit of the family to make the greatest efforts. After the family company from ;-law adopted son founders of the parent-child, like the Chinese family business as; second head is outside the enterprise hired professional managers; third category is the son adopted son Japan, the Matsushita Group's head of Matsushita Masaharu Matsushita from the blood is not really the person on the Mitsui Group from 1673 to the present there are several head of family is not Mitsui, Toyota is true.
solve the problem of corporate heritage, through the ceremony the son received as a foster child, to reaction is: that the happiness of his daughter how to do it? she said, this is too cruel and unacceptable, because the interests of her family business to be as a tool, to sacrifice their own well-being of a lifetime!
when the professional managers the market developed, or that the market system is not perfect when children will be forced to make tools, they are happy to be sacrificed.
today in China, many intellectuals of the economists dissatisfied because they that economists are too obsessed with the market, that market is not omnipotent mm market is certainly not universal, world without universal things. But, from above these specific examples and data, we see that when to focus on specific human activities and traditional practices, the details of all aspects of the market from a variety of tools is the use of personal liberation. Therefore, the market, the company of not a bad thing, on the contrary, a free market economy, to human beings.
financial markets, specifically the liberation of Personal
discussed above, market-oriented commercial development has been changing the home discussion of .
reason why almost all traditional societies in the down, into the project, to wait until sometime in the future to return, such an action would involve cross of credit issues: How can people be assured that is willing to invest? admit its fault or breach of contract in the future other people lie, how to do? Therefore, based on it to realize the value of intertemporal allocation comes as natural.
fact, around the production units, inter-company arrangements of interest, but many potential cross-configuration of the value of a form of transaction, you can also have Many other species, like pensions, insurance, loans, securities investment, etc., which does not involve the production, industrial investment, but more simply to focus on value, risk of cross-transactions. The former is to solve the problem of human material production, The latter is to address the individual's future economic security.
to prevent the old, old age, for example, young people generally save more and invest more, the old can not make money after retirement from the original investment to pay off to old age. This is very typical of the value of the configuration requires cross, or cross the most primitive species of the risk transaction. Speaking in front of this cross-default on high risk transactions, investment and nothing reported in the situation is very likely to occur Therefore, there is said before also is the son of prime time, just for old-age son's return with. This is what we are familiar with the personification of three other trading systems, one is based on the religious temples and churches, Civil Associations, etc.; the other is the familiar impersonal financial markets, such as pension funds, investment funds, life annuities; there is the emergence of modern the government pension system.
trading system has a set of matching each cultural system, with its establishment, to preserve and strengthen the basis of trade credit. I said before, based on the because its foundation is the blood and marriage, and were born before the blood relationship is not a choice, the son of the relationship with the natural parents, so the most reliable. Moreover, by addition to a similar set of Confucian ; such a rigid cultural system, to each person's position in society in accordance with the particular sub-grade fixed, constrained its code of conduct, so that you could not move, the social structure is not room for free movement, so the whole community based on kinship system intertemporal exchange of value, illness, old age and other support, there is considerable reliability, and transaction risk on the meaning of existence is not much.
cross-community organizations based on mutual aid system, nor is the price tag way Doing cross-exchange of interests, the establishment and maintenance of credit, guarantees , together with visible and invisible church, and so arranged, so that the cohesion of this system is very strong, nearly two thousand years is not bad. The Christian church from time to time to provide financial services category, for example, before the financial development in the modern Middle Ages, the Church allowed Zhuang couple of the real estate, real estate previously contracted, committed couples after the death of ownership of the property to the church, but the rest of their lives, the church give them life, financial support, in effect, this arrangement is equivalent to the modern Life insurance companies sell annuities.
in Chinese history, beyond blood relative underdevelopment of social mutual aid organizations, there are more documented in the Tang Dynasty from Dunhuang social eup, social mutual help, as women Yi, weddings and funerals community eup, and so on. Song of the cemetery or in blood clan-based. to the Ming and Qing dynasties, a little more. For example, Guangdong and other southern regions of the a relationship, but mainly for teenage women to choose not to provide a lifetime of married life support system, so that self-thinning choose not to marry teenage girls can be moved into live, work, after all the labor income are all great aunt house, feed the other older, sick of the self-thinning women, but, until today, the self-thinning into the old woman herself, the future of the young women to give them self-thinning to protect. In this way, generation after generation of self-thinning among women can achieve mutual support, but the exchange of value between them is cross-time, housing became a great aunt to complete specific community organizations such financial exchange, in essence similar to the family do not have much choice other than the mutual trust body.
third of the trading arrangements across the financial markets is, its scope is broad community of people, clearly the price trading products, its trading organization is not based on blood, not religious or other beliefs, but the pursuit of dominance for each participant to maximize profits. Because of this, it is difficult to establish the credit support system, missed appointments, default will always occur, it requires a fair, just and transparent rule of law in contracts support system, which is supporting the rule of law and its culture.
trading arrangements of the fourth inter-governmental social security system, to support the credit guarantee system this arrangement is the country's coercive power, the legislative, executive and judicial. Because of this trading system of the organization is not based on kinship, common religion or profit maximization, but on government power, therefore, the corruption of space and therefore the transaction costs on society will be high. planned economy, the lessons of welfare state proof of this.
Now that we can rely on blood family system, and can rely on community-based religious organization, or based on a common ambition to establish a non-blood community organizations, can rely on government power, you can also rely on the market to achieve between people of the value of cross-trading, then, in the end what arrangements better and better? Why do some arrangements will be worse? is because the requirements of each of the arrangements supporting the social and cultural support, it brings the nature of civilization are also different. based on the arrangements for the financial markets brought about by the commercial civilization, culture and rule of law, contract, and the authority of government based on the value of the configuration of interpersonal cross-training is the official standard system of culture, is to curb the powers of civilization, of individual rights. Like experienced by the West in the Middle Ages as the church-based inter-exchange system will be of interest to suppress individual freedom, the right to choose to suppress personal beliefs.
a lot of people say that, since the Confucian family can also do financial markets today, the economic security, why market reform and financial market development? question is, through the complete when the person's customs and norms, will have to sacrifice human dignity.
example, repudiation. in China, today has no legal repudiation, but, at least from the Han Dynasty began, one of the seven reasons to be legitimate to his wife divorced, and this is very unfair to Ms..
Tang, economic security, the wife must be able to son, or the whole family to the future security of their elders without protection. the so-called , three no matter Jiugu, four tongue, five of theft, six jealousy, seven vicious disease. seven reasons, there are five with the concubine, how to marry more wives? In fact, when a society can only rely on their children to pension, hedge, then the system of polygamy is inevitable, because under the system of monogamy, the wife may be unable to bear children, or even womb, and can only daughter; or even to a son, also have only one or two, in the past with high infant mortality rate in society, health is not enough to secure one or two sons. Therefore, there is a repudiation of the legal and tradition.
in human history, polygamy has been adopted by most of society, perhaps truth is here, as financial markets only to the modern West was developed. I recently saw an anthropological study, this study is based on the earth today are still 849 different social survey, here is the cultural significance of the social rather than political sense on the community. They found, in which 708 community today or polygamy, monogamy 137 social system, which involves China, only 4 community precisely, in turn, is polyandry.
this study found is not surprising, in fact, in a hundred years ago, the implementation of monogamy community may be less than 100. in the match did not keep up with the financial markets, there is no social security system provided by the Government before, when the blood of the Religion-based social mutual aid system is not very extensive, even though from a desire to end on Kazuo polygamy, but also ...

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Many who consider the police finally broken dreams broken dreams of his police

 Yesterday, Shandong Provincial Higher People's Court case of concern. Plaintiff Huang repeat test for the secondary age of 15, apply for student status with others, in 2007, small yellow strokes in Linyi police exam finalists, but because the issue did not pass political examination had student status, are not hired. small yellow lines that had an unreasonable use of other enrollment admissions policy dictates, not accidental, they have real ability, is a real achievement scores, and recruiting departments exist violated the law, then sued the local personnel and public security departments, hiring their own request.
evidence before the Court by the original policy implications, as small yellow as the right to education in the school register in order to obtain the existence of stains are not unusual. Xiao Huang's lawyer Zhou Ze believe that there is relevant procedural errors, and for this group of small yellow, if the minors at the time of the stain to back life, they will not see the future and hope.
said Zhou Ze, currently on Juvenile Criminal Stain System in study and practice have been, but the teenager stain elimination of moral or civil, to be concerned about.
6 times close to the success of this test
police who do not deny that, with the first secondary Huang Tingwei a very educated and motivated by self-examination that he made a legal specialist, undergraduate diplomas. The children in Shandong Linyi guy has a persistent dream police, in 2002, when he was 24 years old, his first apply for the police, then, as long as the Linyi City Police will apply for Huang Tingwei strokes, of which one closest to the success of 2007, but has gone wrong between .2006 and 2008, he also participated in Rizhao City police recruit exam. to 7 years in 2008, he participated in a total of 6 police recruit exam times.
2007 �� 3 16, Linyi City Personnel Bureau, Linyi Municipal Public Security Bureau jointly issued a leaflet, police recruit 53 people, including general management positions in recruiting City Detention Center 7. Huangting Wei enrollment, participated in the competitive position.
through written tests, interviews, Huang Tingwei total score of applicants for the position of candidates ranked No. 8. apply for the same job for personal reasons, a girl surnamed Huang, voluntarily give up the appointment. Huangting Wei admitted that the girls abstain his sister, someone is gossiping, saying that his sister to his brother Tang Road, but the abstention of her freedom, there is no legal prohibition on this.
recruitment pamphlets under the provisions of the vacancy caused by the girls abstained, according to the total score were elected. In the same year in July, Linyi City, filled by notice issued by the Office to recruit civil servants to determine Huang Tingwei fill vacancies for the position.
test police several times, for the first time finalist, came a farming Huang Tingwei extremely happy about that.
political examination found glad I had had a little stain
Huang Tingwei political examination of his early youth was found to stain.
political examination of two police wrote in a note shows the Taking Huang Tingwei meet the political officer's personnel file and found that yellow School enrollment card and enrolled and completed applications for the two materials date of birth, names of parents and family situation, are different from other files with him.
, the Municipal Personnel Bureau and the Municipal Public Security Bureau of Personnel staff to Huang Tingwei workplace investigations, asked Huang to explain the situation.
Huang wrote a note written in July of 1992 and Huang graduated from junior high school in Linyi Fourth, the name was called Huang Tingbo, this year the summer, Huang did not consider secondary admitted, in the fall, he went to a township school repetition, in participating in next year's entrance examination, because no student status can not take the test, by another two teachers to help rural schools, use, and yellow drop-outs with the village of Huang Tingwei apply for student status.
Huang said that this was the only choice repeat students. This year, Huang was admitted to Linyi a secondary school, has been using the name of Huang Tingwei. in school, get a small yellow legal college through the Self diploma, but also with the name of Huang Tingwei, can not change it back, so still using that name.
I was called Huang Tingbo, the use of student status is Huangting Wei, and he is not on the up to three days. Huang told reporters, Huang Tingwei on their student status has long been clear that the use of his, lacks opinions. Moreover, two adult identification number, residential address is different.
explained to the officer, the small yellow felt he was just using someone else's student status , test scores are real achievements, they have real ability, school problems even be a stain, it will not hinder employment.
later, the facts are indeed as he began to call the City Public Security Bureau as he was concerned, the person said He has hired the provincial Public Security Department review.
small yellow heart so it is practical.
bang sued unknown
2007 �� 12 recruiting units in late May, authorities in Linyi City, announced the hiring list, the Huang did not see his name, the detention center hired only 7 posts by 6 people.
small yellow hearts cold in the determination of the Provincial Public Security Bureau to ask what was going on. went several times, he privately asked to be, because of student status Problems were reported to the Public Security Bureau, Linyi City hall has therefore asked the Public Security Bureau to supplement the material, as far as he knew, there was no added Linyi.
small yellow results Afterward, produced and Linyi City Personnel Bureau, Public Security Bureau of litigation in mind. you can not hire me, always give me a written reply comments, right?
2008 year, Linyi City Intermediate Court of small yellow to bring an administrative lawsuit failed, the same year in February, he went directly to the Shandong Province high hospital charges. Xiao Huang said in the lawsuit, originally recruited 7 people, just hired six people, and not his name, Linyi City Personnel Bureau, Public Security Bureau to cancel his admission will be unjustified to reduce the hiring personnel, serious violations of his right to fair competition, request the court to hire recruiting units will be included in the list of his, and to be publicized.
Shandong Provincial High Court ruled that the case is heard by the Laiwu City Intermediate Court.
2009 �� 9 months Laiwu public hearing in the Court case.
Linyi City Personnel Bureau, Public Security Bureau, provides court exam candidates with small yellow sign on Civil Service Integrity Pledge (per candidate are signed), meet the political situation to write instructions, Linyi Municipal Public Security Bureau to consult other ministries and agencies of the evidence. Municipal Personnel Bureau to reply that they strictly follow the participate in the exam, did not pass political examination, does not meet the conditions of employment, according to the law can not hire and publicity. Municipal Public Security Bureau respondent said they plan to organize the implementation of strict accordance with recruiting, because the plaintiff in the case of test fraud exists, and its ministries and agencies, the audit did not pass political examination , Urban can not be hired. the two defendants dismissed the plaintiff requested.
the trial, the small yellow evidence provided by the defendant, Linyi Municipal Public Security Bureau police on the record of referrals to the ministries and agencies and found that he had recruited into the absorption list.
referrals, said: Police recruit 53 people, upon examination, are in line with the conditions recorded in the police. recommended procedures for handling police record. But the list of ministries and agencies of the examination and approval, the name does not yellow.
many year Roll
were forced to change the trial, wrote the original share of small yellow note is also the defendant used, as small yellow evidence of fraud and bad faith. small yellow court said, this is a manifestation of his pragmatic, explains the reasons for using the student status to others.
defendant tube enrollment in secondary school teachers to collect evidence: Huang Tingwei formerly known as Huang Tingbo, because there were previous students are not allowed to test a small secondary school examinations, Huang Tingbo no right to take the exam, the school's reputation for Hongo, Hongo convened a part begins with a good student repeat, test a small college, the study found some differences and surname of the students (the enrollment) to change over, Huang Tingbo This is the case.
proved another teacher, was In order to impart knowledge and educate, to learn good repeat previous graduates participated in the mobilization of small secondary school examinations. not allowed to sit for final year students enrollment, so to use the fresh Huangting Bo Huang Tingwei of Student Health.
of these defendants copies of the evidence, also cited the plaintiff to prove his good reason. Huang court said that this is just proof of student status issue is not the fault of his own, one-sided pursuit of the school enrollment rate requires students to do so is a universal behavior, the responsibility borne by the school In 1989, when the Linyi region made the admissions committee The notice is only normative documents, and the upper right to education law is inconsistent and should not be admissible.
interview, Huang told reporters that evidence to the contrary in this notice and admission of former college students in a lot of repetition. notification display: students apply for restricted repeat failed to pay sufficient attention to enroll students in an increasing proportion of repeat students, some schools as high as sixty per cent.
candidates to appeal after losing the first instance < br> Court of First Instance that the defendant in this organization in terms of the examination proper, legal procedures; the plaintiffs shall issue a political examination meet the political assessment report, no report of a procedural law meet the political point of view can not be established, the court shall not support; yellow secondary process in the ascending , the fraudulent use of student status and names of others took the exam, and has been in use ever since, is really a fraud, thought the quality of (a) problem, contrary to the undertaking to apply for civil service integrity, the defendant shall not be employed to meet the requirements for this is right.
2009 �� 9 months, Laiwu Court rejected the claims of yellow. Xiao Huang refused to accept the appeal to the Shandong Provincial High Court. awaiting trial period, the small yellow on the Internet to gather information search to the famous lawyer Zhou Ze contact Zhou finally agreed to provide him legal assistance.
9 am yesterday, the administrative tribunal of Shandong Provincial High Court hearing the case.
Huang Zhou Ze court submitted prior to the complaint was amended on.
, said Zhou Ze, the first trial to identify, Linyi Municipal Public Security Bureau has been hired to be included in the list of yellow, but not by ministries and agencies of the audit, according to the provisions of the Administrative Procedure Law, it should inform the court of first instance small yellow, change the defendant or additional defendant, or directly notify the Shandong Provincial Public Security as the third person from the proceedings, then the case was tried directly, missing cases involving the violation of procedure.
said Zhou Ze, the audit of the ministries and agencies conduct the review of the legality, of course, should be trial court by the ministries and agencies, or as the third person to appear to prove the legality of conduct of their audit, and not by the two departments meddle in Linyi city. Meanwhile, Huang is really the first instance court found that fraud, ideological quality problems, making the yellow moral evaluation, beyond the statutory mandate. Moreover, even yellow ministries and agencies for approval and is not caused by fraudulent use of student status, nor is the People's Police Law and other rules prohibiting employment situation, the behavior of employment should not be corrected. Shandong Province Public Security Office of Audit did not pass on the yellow, then the two departments are not hiring Linyi, but not public grounds, and does not inform the yellow, the procedure is wrong. Therefore, the appellant requested revocation of the first instance decision, remand.
Linyi city personnel and public security departments requests rejected the appeal and upheld the original verdict. Linyi Municipal Public Security Bureau also said that Huang was not hired solely due to their own fault, should have its own responsibility; although the school with the fraudulent use of student status, but the main is the leading cause of yellow, and you wanted to test secondary school, not eligible, must resort to deception, the teacher can not press your hand to the examination, he said he did not responsibility, is inconsistent with the facts, a person's name and qualifications are very important information, which are false, and said something,?
minors Stain court to be concerned about the absence of court decisions
. hearing the day before, Huang told reporters, when the education department of the repeat students no legal basis for the provisions, when he was fresh, even if regarded as tainted, but when he was just 15 years old, too young, do they have to bear the stain for the so-called life-long consequences?
once the stain, including the former advantages can only be used to indicate who should not be decided now and in the future. Huang also believes that meet the political has become obsolete, are not the spirit of the law.
reporters and a few people chatting about the case, Jinan, there are two very different point of view, a species that have been tainted Who told you then? It serves you right, no reason to choose a recruiting department who has tainted a police officer, has every reason to selecting the best. Another voice is that small yellow may be true, antecedents are forgiven. court, Municipal Public Security Bureau agents that Huang was not aware of student status issues could lead to today's results, the situation in general is not necessarily correct, the end is responsible for fraud, no matter how long later, it remains a problem. He's dedicated police, it stands to reason can understand, but provides that the provisions.
lawyer Zhou Ze court case about the value: When some people use others to apply for enrollment, in fact, place unreasonable admissions policies forced prostitution, they just to avoid unreasonable enrollment requirements, for the legitimate right to education; if so deprive these people apply for the qualifications of civil servants, they are totally unfair, but also will not see such groups to the future and hope. Therefore, the case is disposed of correctly, meaning and historical value of their model is self-evident.
court Later Zhou Ze told reporters that domestic eradication of criminal records for minors has been specially constructed system and the small range of legal practice, but similar to the small yellow stain teenager elimination of moral or civil, scholars have not been in-depth discussion, involving a group since there is a need caused by Hwang, academic concerns.

(transferred from Dahe. of the chief reporter for the Dahe Liu Zhong)
word with agent:
second instance, the word
Dear Acting Presiding Judge, Judge:
Day law firm in Beijing asked to accept the appellant Huang Tingwei The commission, appointed counsel as his appeal of the Public Security Bureau of Linyi City, Linyi City Personnel Civil litigation employment dispute case agent. to accept the appellant's commission, I have carefully studied the verdict and the evidence of both the appellant The court of first instance to understand the situation. In accordance with the court found the facts and the law, issued the following advice agency for the collegiate bench reference:
agent of the lawyer's basic view is that procedural errors verdict; appellee employment of the appellant not illegal, and the employment of the appellant made the decision not to go against the principles of due process; the second instance court verdict should be withdrawn and the case back to the first instance court for retrial.
one, on the first trial in violation of procedure problem
(a) the appellant court of first instance should be added to change the defendant or the defendant, or directly notified Shandong Provincial Public Security as the third person from the proceedings, but did not change or additional defendant to the appellant, nor did it notify the public security, Shandong Province Hall as a third person from the proceedings, then the case was tried directly, omissions, participants in the proceedings.
the specific administrative act is the executive co-defendant.
according to Municipal Personnel Bureau and other departments to act. which involved the proposed hiring of Linyi Municipal Public Security Bureau for approval, Shandong Provincial Public Security Department review, approval of the Shanghai Personnel Bureau of Linyi City, the three links, and the Linyi Municipal Public Security Bureau to make hiring decisions to be examinations conducted jointly with the Bureau of Personnel, qualification and other links. any part of the law, may lead to the appellant can not be the last hired and damage the legitimate rights of the appellant. The Linyi Municipal Public Security Bureau, Personnel Bureau and the Shandong Provincial Public Security Department of any the illegal sector will cause a chain reaction, leading to the ultimate employment of the appellant not illegal, the law also requires the department to correct each other, the absence of any one sector are hard to correct that decision the appellant not to hire illegal. According to the appellant to be included in a list of persons employed civil servants, and report to Provincial Public Security Bureau. appellant Huangting Wei and I have not been hired publicity, because the appellant did not pass the Public Security Department review. Therefore, in this case not only the need to review the appellee Linyi City Police Bureau and the Personnel Bureau of the legality of acts of recruitment and publicity, but also need to review the proposed hiring of Linyi Municipal Public Security Bureau for approval the legality and acceptance of materials submitted for approval after the Shandong Provincial Public Security audit action is lawful.
court of first instance in the case trial, ignoring the Shandong Provincial Public Security of the specific administrative act litigation liability, not aware of the illegal conduct recruiting if sent to the Shandong Provincial Public Security Department of the verification link, only appellee Linyi Municipal Public Security Bureau and Personnel and the conduct of trial judges, will be difficult to correct the underlying illegal conduct recruiting, which omitted the important parties in Shandong Province Public Security Bureau. While the plaintiff sued the defendant is determined based on, but as the plaintiff in the civil, Sometimes, legal persons or other organizations may only be aware of their rights have been violated, and not necessarily able to accurately determine their legal rights against the specific administrative act made by the authority, which authority should be responsible for the specific administrative act, so In administrative proceedings, there will inevitably be the plaintiff sued the defendant, the case does not apply to cells, which requires the plaintiff to prosecute the people's court needs to be reviewed. If the plaintiff sued the wrong defendant, the court required the plaintiff has the responsibility to make changes. on the implementation of number of issues of interpretation additional defendants and the plaintiff does not agree, the people's court shall notify to participate in the proceedings as a third party.
court hearing, the appellant should be additional changes to the defendant or the defendant, or directly notified Shandong Provincial Public Security as the third the legal proceedings. However, neither the appellant court of first instance to change or additional defendant, nor did it notify the Shandong Provincial Public Security as the third person from the proceedings, but the case was heard directly, there is obviously in violation of procedure.
(b ) Court of First Instance to review acts of the Third Party, contrary to the principles of the rule of law at your own risk.
own responsibility is the basic principle of the rule of law. China's Administrative Procedure Law in Article thirty-specific administrative act made by the defendant the burden of proof shall provide to the specific administrative act is based on the evidence and the normative documents, is a reflection of the content at your own risk. According to the principle of taking responsibility in the administrative proceedings, the People's Court of Appeal the plaintiff needs to the legality of specific administrative act review and the specific administrative act can only be responsible for the executive class to legal liability.
stressed that the principle of taking responsibility for behavior and the corresponding responsibility.
in the first instance trial, the appellee Linyi City Police Bureau of reply, said the council plans organized and implemented in strict accordance with recruiting, because the plaintiff exists in the examination fraud, impersonation of the situation, the political examination did not pass the Provincial Public Security Department review and therefore do not meet the employment conditions, we can not be hired publicity, the request shall dismissed the plaintiff's claim, because plaintiffs had also argued Personnel impersonation student status, name to participate in the exam, did not pass political examination, does not meet the employment conditions, according to the law can not be hired and publicity, requests dismissed the plaintiff's claim, and each submitted Linyi City, Shandong Province Public Security Bureau Public Security Bureau to consult materials submitted and the Shandong Provincial Public Security Department of the audit opinion as evidence.
are two reasons for the appellee's reply that the appellant was not hired and publicity, because the appellant Shandong Province Public Security Bureau did not pass the audit. but because of what the appellant did not get reviewed by Public Security Bureau in Shandong Province, the Shandong Provincial Public Security in the first instance did not participate in the proceedings, the appellant did not obtain approval and the reasons and factual basis and legal basis, has not made a public note, it is referred to the appellant the respondent two appellee exists in the examination fraud, impersonation of the situation, the political examination did not pass the Provincial Public Security Department review, and therefore does not meet the conditions of employment because the appellant had to take student status with the others, names to participate in the exam, did not pass political examination, does not meet the conditions of employment, full of Shandong Provincial Public Security Department review of the appellant by reason of the subjective judgments are not purely nonsense.
If the appellant is not recruitment and publicity, indeed, as appellee, Linyi City, Linyi City Personnel Bureau of the Public Security Bureau, or argue that the appellant in the examination system exists fraud, impersonation of the situation, the political examination did not pass the Provincial Public Security Department review and therefore do not meet the employment conditions or The appellant has impersonation student status, name to participate in the exam, did not pass political examination, does not meet the conditions of employment, then the appellant was not employed, and the review of the legality of publicity, in fact, need to review the Shandong Provincial Public Security audit action is legal. The audit of Shandong Provincial Public Security Department review of the legality, of course, should be accepted by the trial court in Shandong Province Public Security Bureau, and review evidence to prove the legality of acts, not pre-empt by the two appellants.
two appellee argued that appellant exists in the examination fraud, impersonation of the situation, the political examination did not pass the Provincial Public Security Department review, the appellant does not meet the conditions of employment or student status was impersonation, name to participate in the exam, did not pass political examination, no meet the employment conditions, in fact, Shandong Provincial Public Security Department in the audit of the appellant to justify the legality of the actions. This is clearly contrary to the principle of taking responsibility for the rule of law and the responsibility, should be provided to the specific administrative act is based on the evidence and the provisions of the normative documents.
behavior in an audit the absence of Public Security, Shandong Province, the court went straight to the respondent based on the two appellee, Shandong Province Public Security Department review is not eligible for employment by the appellant and the grounds for review of the behavior, but also a clear violation of the principle of taking responsibility.
(c) the court of first instance by the moral evaluation of the appellant, beyond the statutory authority.
of the administrative proceeding Law Article, the provisions of Article V, respectively, and the people handling administrative cases, based on facts and law as the yardstick; People's Court administrative cases, specific review of the legality of administrative acts.
completely put aside disputes the court of first instance involved in a specific administrative act, subjective speculation appellee straight off the two trials of Shandong Provincial Public Security Department review is not by reason of the appellant and the appellant on the basis of thought identified quality problems, and then finds that appellee did not hire the two appeals legitimate, rational, completely contrary to the facts and law as the criterion of legal principles, and also a complete departure from the administrative proceedings should review the requirements of the legality of specific administrative act.
must point out that the people's court has no right to appeal the human mind to identify quality problems. the first instance court found that appellant thought quality problems, a purely moral trial of the appellant, there is no legal basis, is completely illegal.
Second, the appellee the appellant not employment is illegal, against the appellant's legal rights, should be corrected.
court of first instance in the volumes of evidence and facts found that people held in Linyi city police (civil servants) recruiting, the appellant through application, visual, written tests, interviews, access to meet the political, and political examination by the appellee after the Linyi Municipal Public Security Bureau to be included in the list of hiring staff, together with the related materials submitted to the Shandong Provincial Public Security audit. appellant did not pass the Shandong Provincial Public Security audit, the two appellants decided not to hire the appellant. Although the Shandong Provincial Public Security did not pass the audit of the appellant is not known exactly why, but the Public Security Bureau of Shandong Province, do not pass the audit of the appellant, and ultimately appellee, the appellant shall not result in recruitment of two results, is clearly wrong, illegal.
First, in the entity, the appellant admitted for the people in full compliance with the police (civil servants) conditions, and shall not be admitted to not civil case, the appellant shall not be unlawful employment.
appellant may not pass the Shandong Provincial Public Security Audit recruitment and publicity resulted in the appellant shall not, indeed, as the appellee in Linyi City, Linyi Municipal Public Security Bureau or the Bureau of Personnel of the debate that the appellant in the examination system exists fraud, impersonation of the situation, the political examination did not pass the Provincial Public Security Department review, the appellant does not meet the conditions of employment or student status was impersonation, name to participate in the exam, did not pass political examination, does not meet the employment conditions. but the lawyers that even if true, Shandong Provincial Public Security Department does not audit by the appellant is wrong, illegal, and thus on this basis the two appellee not to hire the appellant and of publicity, is also wrong .
the appellant in full compliance with the provisions of Civil Service Law Article XI of the conditions of civil servants should have no civil service provisions of Article Four shall not be employed as civil servants Zengyin subjected to criminal punishment of crime or has been discharged from public employment situation or the circumstances the law shall not be employed as civil servants in other cases. The appellant is also fully consistent with the Huang Tingwei the same village who took the exam student status. But this is completely illegal files at Linyi region repeat candidates in place unreasonable restrictions caused .1989 junior college, then made the admissions committee Linyi region strongly limit enrollment in the repeat candidates in the notice. specifically, by the Linyi region entirely in the admissions committee the right to education of administrative acts of the case, no alternative but to act. It is noteworthy that the appellant apply for use of other secondary school enrollment, only 15 years old, or minors, no ability to complete secondary school apply for the use of other acts of student status. appellant student status apply for secondary use of other people act entirely in pursuit of further education at the rate of the leading teachers and schools, help to complete, or even that the use of another student status complete secondary school apply teachers and schools was the behavior. appellee Linyi Municipal Public Security Bureau, Personnel Bureau, submitted as evidence, the appellant repeat examinations in secondary schools enrolled in secondary school enrollment tube by the teacher Yu-Peng Wang, prove that a part of good students repeat, test a small college, the study found some differences and surname of the students (the enrollment) to change over, Huang Tingbo This is the case.
As the appellant has used the name Huang Tingwei, it is entirely the legitimate rights of the appellant. as we called Prime Minister Li Peng, the original state, many other people take the name of Li are of the right of their name, like the appellant to change his name from the Huangting Bo Huang Tingwei, is also its right to a name, is not illegal. others call Huangting Wei, the appellant has the right to name Huang Tingwei, not to mention fraudulent use of another person's name so far. In fact, the appellant in the same village, Huang Tingwei identity information, residence information is completely different on both , only two of the same name only. Whatever the motivation, named and renamed itself is lawful.
the appellant apply for secondary school enrollment in the use of the behavior of others, the appellant no doubt has some responsibilities . After all, with others, the issue of student status apply for college, the appellant is the beneficiary. But others in the use of the appellant, whether the issue of secondary school enrollment applicants bear the responsibility of any kind, can not become eligible for cancellation of the reasons for the civil service recruitment .
appellant should bear any responsibility for this, although irrelevant, but still important to note that the appellant the appellant in the use of other people's right to education in secondary school applicants by the Admissions Committee was unreasonable in Linyi City, the limits , arranged by the school was forced to apply for student status with others, are themselves the victims. the appellant's conduct with another student status, there is no damage to the interests of others, and the behavior has occurred nearly two decades, has long been more than administrative or civil statute of limitations. If the recruiting agencies as grounds to cancel the appellant is still eligible for civil service employment, amounts to extrajudicial punishment imposed on the appellant.
Although the Civil Service Law, civil service hiring rules and public security organs in the people's police hiring methods, require applicants good conduct, but the appellant does not exist the problem of poor conduct. What is character? the Central Organization Department, Ministry of Personnel, the National People's Congress Law Committee, State Council Legislative Affairs Office organized the compilation of the clearly defined: the moral conduct is conduct, it is the individual in the activities in and out of a consistent character and behavior combined. As mentioned earlier, the appellant, after graduating from junior secondary school apply for the use of others to repeat student status act entirely in pursuit of further education at the rate of the leading teachers and schools, helping to complete, or even can be said that the behavior of the teacher and the school as well. It does not reflect the appellant's personal conduct at that time, it does not reflect the conduct of the appellant today . Moreover, the appellant apply in junior college after graduating from repetition, the use of another student status, which is then given the chance under the act, not the appellant as a continuity and consistency, character consistency is not the manifestation of the appellant . The fact is that the appellant in an adult, at work, life can get you approval. the ideological quality, work ability, were able to meet the requirements of good character. If only under specific circumstances when the use of the contingency of other names, Linyi was not with the actual situation of the appellant was just the reality of minors, the school enrollment rate one-sided pursuit of the facts, to identify the appellant is not good conduct, is clearly wrong.
Trial Implementation) and other aspects; study group should be widely solicited opinions, be comprehensive, objective, fair, and truly written study materials. thinking performance, moral character, work ability, work performance, shortcomings and inadequacies, and lineal relationship between avoidance and I have a major impact on the situation of blood and other collateral; examination and meet the political leaders should follow the work of assessment and evaluation of the combination of people, organizations assessment and evaluation were comments by the combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, achieves the objective, comprehensive, and fair. only about 20 years ago, appellant schools and teachers in the use of other people under the guidance of the conduct of student status apply for secondary school failed to meet the political conclusion of the appellant is clearly not objective, is not comprehensive and unjust.
needs to be stressed is that citizen participation in national civil service examination is related to the citizens to stand for election, be elected as citizens Political rights are not arbitrarily deprived. and not the appellant hired appellee's decision, no doubt the political rights deprived the plaintiff is contrary to the constitution.
In short, the appellant fully meet the employment for the people and the police (civil servants ) conditions, the appellant shall not be employed is not legitimate.
Second, Shandong Provincial Public Security Department does not audit by the appellant, the appellant further so that the two appellants are not employed, but not public reasons, and not to the appellant and the appellant's excuse to listen to, obviously does not meet the requirements of procedural due process, the procedure is wrong.
due process and fundamental principles of the rule of law, but also the basic requirements of administrative law.
State According to the National Development 2004 (10) of the text's

Collection 2 Planning

 Fourth, promotion (Sales Promotion)
(a) Promotion and Sales Promotion
1, Promotion and Sales Promotion of different SP
people use the word, sometimes confusing Sales Promotion and the Promotion of these two concepts. However, two concepts are equally important means of marketing activities.
should be noted, Sales Promotion Promotion is one of the activities, but differ Promotion activities.
The reason for the confusion caused by the phenomenon of Perhaps because these two words is that on many occasions In other words, to arouse or stimulate demand for the needs of all promotional activity is Promotion. To avoid confusion, there are more people in Japan recently Marketing Communication using the word, meaning to include the Promotion.
All in all, the so-called Promotion is to consumers or the flow of communication and information industry companies, brands, products and features of the existence, advantages, and to arouse the need to create and sustain the activities of its image.
the other hand, is the Promotion Sales Promotion activities, in addition to public relations, advertising, business, activities other than sales, is the core of the practical Promotion sales support activities. Japanese corporate marketing activities as an active, Promotion fields are included to further expand.
Specifically, Promotion, including PR (Public Relation), Advertising (Advertising), marketing (Sales Promotion), business sales (Sales Forcing) The four most.
2, the enterprise business strategy TREE example
(b) Sales Promotion activities
1, Sales Promotion's is the basic concept
Sales Promotion Promotion activities, in addition to public relations, advertising, business b sales, the Promo-tion is the core of practical sales support activities. However, products designed to promote consumer awareness advertising, the salesman business and sales, etc., as news spread of public relations and so on are Sales Promotion activities outside the Promo-tion. Although it features some of the activities more clearly, easy to understand, but, in addition to the activities, the elusive image. Sales Promotion functionality can be divided into 4.
2, Sales Promotion of the role of
Sales Promotion generally has the following 4 major role.
① consumer:
b changing consumer buying patterns.
b change consumer consumption patterns.
② for the competition:
b Promotion activities in the competitors to keep existing customers.
b the impact of customers from competitors, Fixed customer base.
③ for circulation:
b obtained distribution industry support for the brand.
b measures the flow of industry to support the flow of trade promotion.
④ Other Marketing Communication
b complement the function of advertising activities, in carrying out Sales Promotion, it is necessary for a particular consumer or distribution industry to take active measures to stimulate demand for the short term, in order to spur sales. as to the definition of Sales Promotion, to have the following:
definition】 【Sales Promotion
Therefore, the plans to set Sales Promotion, Promotion planning phase richer than the tactical, practical, and more specifically, its objectives and implementation of clear content (objects, methods, etc.).
The following is a list of plan or a business should be clear points.
3, Sales Promotion
Sales Promotion basic objectives of the call object has the following 3 (1 ) Consumer
(2) distribution industry (retailers, wholesalers)
(3) 3 internal
the main object and Sales Promotion (Organiser) the relations can be classified into the following 4 type.
① consumer-oriented Sales Promotion (Consumer Promotion)
② for the distribution industry Sales Promotion (Trade Promotion)
③ for internal Sales Promotion (Inner Promotion)
④ for retailers Sales Promotion (Store Promotion)
【Sales Promotion and classification of the call object】
standing position
manufacturers see the above 4 types, there
Shihai to ① called out (Pull)
strategy, ② called push
(Push) strategy. The so-called Promotion Mix on the premise that one of the activities as work. that is, the individual can not play the role of Sales Promotion. Through cooperation with other activities, Sales Promotion to show the various effects. However, Sales Promotion are short-term, local, focused start The Promotion means.
Promotion in the development plan, must have effective control and the role of Sales Promotion.
Sales Promotion effectiveness
5, Sales Promotion
people feel that the basic approach was quite Sales Promotion more, but the basic approach can be organized into the following table of contents. However, not so much that he started some of the tactics alone, the situation would be better carried out together more.
we can see from the table, basically be divided into br> (1) Sampling
will be distributed to consumer goods, so that consumers understand the can be enough to distribute the amount of repeated use of the product.
(2) Monitoring
to submit a pre-post additional thoughts and other conditions, so that consumers try out products (mostly consumer durables), to understand the product ; of the method. trial on the use of loan products the way the principle. Since the ultimate aim of the trial, it should note that the total number of the appropriate increase in Monitor.
(3) Demonstration
by actual live performances such as cooking or operation so that consumers understanding of their goods social attention.
(4) On-In Pack
principle in the manufacture of goods for packaging, put into the donated goods, so that all people can benefit methods to buy. Though can stimulate the purchase, but because of the cost of large must be paid to the proper channel number of the right.
(5) Reusable Pack
used goods after the container itself can continue to use the donated goods, so that all purchasers have access to benefits method. the basic aim is to stimulate purchase products from the competition to attract customers in the customer layer to expand the customer layer.
(6) Free-Mail in Pre
should be raised by people of all donated to the prize of the development can be better than to be raised in its appeal to labor-time gift items. basically have: to be raised through the promotion of several support and a large display is essential.
(7) Self Liquidation
please raise people should bear part of the donated goods expenditure method. this one can do to make should be raised to obtain a relatively high level of donated goods, in order to stimulate purchase. and this must be better than the value of donated goods and money should be raised labor, time, and also called for donated goods can also carry out the charm of promotional activities, and extensive displays. basically have: to be raised by several times to promote repeat purchases of the defensive capabilities not too big on the purchase of the stimulus. must carefully discuss the mass media advertising have adequate support and appropriate discounts and other issues, at the same time a large number of goods on display.
(9) Instant Winner
quick to take the spot, win the lottery lottery announced way stimulate the purchase method. has a strong win the lottery,
not to buy as a condition to allow consumers to participate in contests or competitions should be raised method. Therefore, the meaning can not expect a direct effect of promotion. but still have the added effect of mass media advertising and increase awareness of the effects or manufacturing topics.
(11) Sweep Stakes
condition not to buy, leaving consumers to guess the fans should be raised to participate in competitions, winning approach. Therefore, hardly of the original sense of the promotion effect. through the mass media advertising of widely publicized can be expected to enhance the reputation or image.
(12) Coupon
through the issuance of discount coupons can be used at the time of purchase discounts to promote the purchase method. both for the attack, another defense function of the universal mechanism, is a discount method, to study the economic benefits. for recovery of face value vouchers not only relevant but also by the distribution of the different methods to produce large differences, so the analysis must take into account the economic benefits of these 2 areas.
(13) Refund < br> just send proof of purchase of goods, the refund of part of the purchase amount, to stimulate the purchase method. in principle, be used along with the universal method of attack and defense, but according to is the discount approach, should be carefully set the rebate amount.
(14) Off Label
to a limited number of goods at the factory stage special discounts to stimulate the purchase method, applied to make ;, or to prize package a chapter, whenever the seal presented to reach a certain number of prizes to promote sustainable purchase method. for purely defensive approach, it must be seminars to encourage the collection, the measures should be raised.
(18) Organization Plan
to customers to join a special membership organization, through the provision of concessions to make it a stable support customers coating. should not be passive measures to keep customers, but should serve as a reliable Service Plan
full range of services system and enhance the added value, in order to highlight the differences between commodities and other methods. Department effective on the attack, and help defense. on services to provide Buy the way in today's Japan still has a high market adaptability.
(c) Event
1, as a means of Sales Promotion Event
Expand Sales Promotion in the actual plan, prepare posters, POP (Point of Purchase Ad-vertising), pamphlets, and sometimes need for donated prizes, which usually pass called . For example, the basic approach described from the front , may need to have a party, all the sales staff called to the hotel's banquet hall, shows the characteristics of the object product, recommended methods, and the race essentials, the same vow to fight each other. In addition, Hawaii travel as prizes hospitality program, had to add ; recognition ceremony, When the purpose and Sales Promotion on When, then it is referred to as ;, and price characteristics, communicate product information. for the ultimate in contact with the consumer sites, is a very important activity. through the mass media, advocacy advertising to consumers, while the final selection of goods in the shops customers to carry out promotional activities of great significance. Sampling, Demonstration
series of activities that reward
traders, salesmen and other targeted activities. the current problem is that this plan should be changed to treat activity as a simple concept, but how the whole campaign outstanding targets to improve sales performance. Contest, Seminar, new products conference
goods
Fair
Private
Show by industry groups or associations organized for the peer and professional so-called Show Organizer Exhibition Company to call on a particular topic to participate in show business the way cross. In addition, the joint exhibition is on display companies to release new products, open up business opportunities, providing information such purposes, the way to buy booth. Also recently, the authority enterprise alone their own company's customers and potential customers for the object, aims to introduce the technology or the Private Show. Fair
Commodities Fair will be laid

2, Event of the general classification and function
However, the overall view from the Event, , or the use of large-scale activities to enrich the occasion of transport facilities, roads and other social infrastructure; small party to congratulate those who have friends and relatives, such as adult children's growth and life ceremonies are closely related activities, the types and scales. Therefore, when Event classification, content classification according to their center who, according to the purpose of classification often than the more common. can be broadly divided into the following table types.
Event of the type of content (purpose) to implement various activities for example
fair to the public or held for the purpose of society, by association, government, local government and other recognized international exhibition organized by the various exhibition halls exhibit includes large-scale activities. International Fair Exposition EXPO
local culture and art activities are not the direct purpose to promote a higher literary or artistic theme of theater-style events. more often than not simply linked to the activities of the name advertisers, and large-scale art exhibitions or seminars will be greater.
concert
Film Festival Art Exhibition
sports and entertainment events to watch, participate, jointly organized sports-themed activities. At present the World Cup, the World Olympic Games more impact in expanding the international show its importance. track and field, tennis, golf, soccer < br> Convention
International Conference on staff around a purpose, theme, gathered together to promote mutual understanding and improve the morale of the ceremonies, conferences, meetings, exhibitions, etc. to complex factors at various events. Distribution Chamber of Commerce International Conference
(1)
(2)
3, Event
as the understanding of the elements of the basic structure of Event:
the use of
background
planning to advertisers Orientation
content as the center, the purpose of completing the planning of this item
Jingwei, adding their own analysis and investigation
views. also note
Ming, the main object, distribution environment,
market overview and competitive status.
promotional goals
Orientation and market share based on analysis of the objectives set
. as specific as possible to fill out.
Promotions To achieve the strategic objectives
address the key issues and
factors? how to seek to achieve goals?
planning the implementation of the program sub-section states:
actual program content, structure, situation, etc. .
complete results: the completion of each degree setting goals, results.
five, Corporate Communication
(a) on the public relations
1, PR and Corporate Communication
a variety of public relations all sorts of definitions, in short, is has a very wide meaning.
history of public relations in Japan, focusing on marketing, public relations position of the stage of treatment, and public relations from the stage management fathom alternating and development so far. Recently, once again from the operation and management to handle the public relations point of view, however, different from the past, when the public relations and , is the to finance the personnel, funding and advocacy activities (or in-house promotional activities), and even business or organization as a member of society should contribute to society activities also include one.
corporate campaign schematic 【】
Public Phase
(public areas) social scene
Market Phase
(private area)
the two areas of corporate behavior
business conduct (ACTION)
from financing to R & D, M & A, all of the personnel management policy, measures sales, business behavior (BUSINESS) in goods, services, core development, sales, distribution measures business and consumer connection 4 lines in the public relations aspects;
b enterprises to operate as the main driving sectors of promotional announcement means (a)
b consumer business advice or ideas to the way public opinion or be expressed in social action (b)
(Strengthening ( c) at the same time, to (d) of the line guide to a better situation, that is the purpose of promotion)
2, means
in public relations public relations, also include areas such as advertising or promotion of a number of overlapping advocacy tool, this section mainly means that people think that the inherent public relations as the center, introduced a summary of the actual business public relations.
, of course, not all of these activities to the advertising companies will go through, but as comprehensive as the campaign professionals must have the knowledge. It should also be clear that, in the Total Communication Strategy, the public relations function is essential.
(1) Press Relations
means to cope with the mass media work. its contents is, to newspapers, magazines and other reporters send a message, for the interview, try to let more desirable published reports, a series of activities undertaken.
advertising agencies and media companies need to establish a close relationship, so from the side promote media published reports in favor advertisers.
News Release
the production and distribution of written reports to the press information provided is called .
release information (Release) should not unilaterally send a message, the principle is written in an objective style, even without modification can also be used directly as the article reported. And after the release of written information to be fair land (in time, or information content, under the same conditions) issued to the media. Therefore, prior notice to play the media company's journalists, set the time of the distribution of information.
Press Relations of the basic is that journalists can be found interested in the news material, written in the release of authentic information, to be fair to the reporter's hands. advertising company responsible for public relations staff must have, to a reporter's point of view the quality of thinking about problems.
held a press conference
press conference or press conference, the announcement of major new product or business accounts and other important decisions, not only to publish information distribution, but also the general manager or in charge of the business leaders of the transaction explained to reporters. that is, there necessary to obtain a full understanding of a reporter only when the holding of such conference.
In addition, there will be a press conference a reporter asked the case. To do this press conference to be held, they often need the number of personnel in charge of publicity such as the mobilization of reporters present, or writing a press conference is expected to answer questions such as the preparation work comprehensively by advertising companies to assist in this work.
daily contacts with journalists to establish relationships with them not only to journalists
exchange the necessary information, but also must establish a daily relationship. through the organization of journalists and business leaders held a brief talk about the seminars or activities will be to secure and maintain a close relationship between journalists is desirable. This work, coordinated by the advertising companies and more.
In addition, the broad Press Relation, including payment to the magazine or television program production coordination costs,
reported to the co-production, and bought advertising pages published in written reports (which Paid Publicity for a way generally known or Advertorial).
(2) Public Relations Event
Event is a gathering together all kinds of people, communication, sharing an occasion of purposes. Of course, there are the following types of PR Event.
① topic of using Event, play the effect of public relations seek to establish a corporate image
②
③ express the idea of corporate social
this number can be defined as a public relations purpose of these activities, but because of its rich in content, which is sometimes difficult to distinguish between the promotional Event, or Public Relations Event.
Event To cite the contents of public relations, there are:
seminars, etc. The lectures, talk shows
targeting the relevant staff meetings
large exhibition of goods delivered, facilities, sports sponsorship
opening ceremony, art exhibitions, the Exhibition Fair

for the manufacture of organized by topic of street propaganda Event
entrepreneurial enterprises such as the official anniversary ceremony
, etc., can be included in the scope of Event.
In addition, the company's public relations facilities or plant tour route (Open House), etc. planning, and operation can be one of the areas of public relations.
(3) public relations work
generally referred to as be made of videos, photographs and slides and other images is also the form of development. not only to enhance the impact of the information sent to the customer magazine, to instill an awareness of relevant personnel (manufacturing Motivation or improve ethics) of the regular information magazine, as well as by environmental stresses and other social themes to contribute to society work, so on.
as public relations magazine readers more easily determine, the content can be smaller for the information provided. but its original purpose is to establish good relations between readers and enterprise tools, so in order to readers can read with a good impression, would require the full effort is needed in this regard, effort. To meet this requirement, you must sell magazines and the city requires the same level of editing, so they requested that the case of advertising companies will be more cooperative. < br> (4) public relations field marketing survey
the basic objective of the survey is to . conducting quantitative surveys, both in the way that is not much difference in the results only on the data readings of the difference. in the implementation of qualitative survey of public relations, often used mainly in the mass media, and Opinion Leader targeted Panel Audit (subject to the same individual to listen) to this form.
In addition, the article reports collected, classified according to different themes to capture the media's arguments predict the tendencies, and also an investigation of the inherent public relations practices.
have to write the purpose of public relations survey conducted (for example, ;.
recent survey not only as a public relations promotional reference applications, and make business decisions with reference to the demand is increasing, so advertising public relations companies to participate in the survey situation is also gradually increasing.
(b) About CI
1, What is CI?
the so-called CI (Corporate Identity) means is that companies or organizations organize their own subjectivity (Identity)
essence and put it as a corporate business purposes, the company name, logo and other promotional material, to express the same time, be well known within the company, and in addition to the company, said publicity to invigorate business activity behavior. In other words, CI is the business operation for the successful implementation of innovation, change and expand the business form and reform institutions, organizations, and carried out activities involving the entire enterprise.
Therefore, formal CI activities both inside and outside the company must first conduct awareness surveys, etc., in order to clear, ; beginning. Generally speaking, the introduction of CI need 1 to 2 years, because this preparation is very important reason.
the other hand, VI (Visual Identity) is seeking major changes in visual-based, is a business purpose in the company name change on the basis of identity, a symbolic marker, to an entirely new look for the way the business.
CI began in the United States, is said to be big business in order to establish a unified image of America across the state, while seeking to use patterns generated by a unified way the company. In this sense, first appeared on the original concept of VI.
present, the whole community began to re-recognize the importance of advertising or design drawings to the effect of VI are also being played Once again, evaluation. For example, some local governments began to use VI or tourism concept, and not only visually, is still sound design of public space (Sound Design), or aromatic and other aspects of the unification attempt.
another regard to people's attention as an opportunity to global environmental issues, some enterprises to re-build the corporate business purposes, or to further clarify the idea of the enterprise, while, CI ideas in individual or public relations campaign also began in various forms effective use.
2, the steps
think the so-called CI CI, is the business for the future development of the unified will seek clear objectives and the enterprise value of the expression of self-image to the community at the same time, to promote the activity center the process of corporate strategy issues to resolve.
If, CI simply think summarized the steps can be divided into the following three stages:
Stage 1: Identify your company should be .
Phase 2: analysis and evaluation as a and increase publicity.
called CI, is the response to environmental changes, according to the present point of view re-examine the business, and re-design of future self-image should be, is a creative strategic action.
【VI process operation 】
(c) Corporate Communication
1, CC
role in today's society, the corporate public relations and contains the CI according to the strategic needs of Corporate Communication of the demand is increasing. as to address the past CC Marketing tactics can not solve the issue of enterprise promotion, put forward new ideas.
In this sense, CC has the business areas as consulting business expanded to promote the development and implementation of the broad areas of planning, the advertising companies, the establishment of CC departments is particularly important
【Corporate Com ...

Reprinted son Art of War 10 - ass in the political arena - the focus of blog

 Experience has taught me: When you can grasp each other's needs more time to negotiate more to gain the upper hand, the more the subject of negotiations in their favor.
Otherwise, your child will be ------welfare, we will fully strike. This is the use of small problem, you can come pick up the car tomorrow afternoon, set of fragmented parts. At this time, the owner learned about over the entire transmission system.
then repair workers told him, only to find the original at the demolition of parts, the problem has involved more connected place. Finally, give him a chance to choose: br> example: a watch repair business on the customer said: , covered by glass, and stood next to the watch case and bracelet, I thought the problem was not small.
boss quickly explained: , it is necessary to repair the tear down, the price is ------the.
so-called position differ, the strong weak are different, different point of view, points of interest are not the same meet. I will refund inch each other footage, in this case, the advance of the interaction. Therefore, the preparatory work of the comprehensive or not, a great impact on the outcome of the negotiations.
if the negotiations between the parties, can maintain the demeanor of a gentleman to do battle, things will be more simple. Unfortunately, people are often separated the belly, it is necessary to negotiate, you have before you are generous, so as to avoid each other, reference.
example: bad use of many reasons the landlord tenant default, attempt to change the contract. inconsistent with the conditions of common sense, the landlord would not agree, then the tenant on the first room door locks replaced, so that the landlord began to doubt, fear, and had tenant negotiations! the door, and found some changes with the original furnishings, guests start out the words threat:
You hold on, the strong will come again, the home is complete without a glass, there ------species; but which are , not uncommon in real society.
course, we also consider the various legal shortcuts, but the court is likely to systems,. and the law talk about people, the less likely the problem involves a lawsuit. In particular, civil lawsuits, a dozen is the number of years, spent a long time and a lot of money, people not only workers, but also a waste of money. rent an apartment to someone else, is a business The purpose for the sake of wealth. If you can not compromise litigation arising from this case a dozen of the landlord, only adds to losses Bale. And this period, they can not sublet, for rental income, not to mention, if the house is destroyed facilities or all of the homeowners ------ negative.
businessmen seeking non-profit will be the event of dispute, the most economic means to seek to resolve, and the most economical way is to .
example: I have been commissioned by the owners receiving a housing agency, the hearing him complain:
the business fails, in urgent need of money, forced to sell all the houses, of which one is also in the rental . because usually get along well with the tenants, so although the contract expired, did not re-establish a new.
when the owners to the tenants that: lack of money, housing must be sold, the tenants also took the opportunity to out a price attempt to buy low. owners of course, reluctant to sell, and it will find another buyer to visit several. At this time the tenants do not match the performance of the extreme: not only the destruction of decoration, or even warn other buyers,bailey UGG boots, the housing of the tenant behavior is no contract restrictions, Xian trading is not effective, he will not move the. this action, so all buyers are all back down. In this way, owners and tenants of the correspondence as evidence several times, due to a civil lawsuit may be a dozen years, owners can no longer delay, had bad luck, the tenants at a low price to sell.
by the above example, remind the reader, everything is before you are generous, everything is best to and even stuck and forced to negotiate, suffered a major loss.
negotiations between the parties, if a party's the outcome uncertain, both sides prepare the most important and the So, the invincible, invincible.
So, in negotiation, to take the initiative advantage of, and guide each other into their own do not count when the Conversely, to avoid the other side of the to .
do not understand the question, do not answer, do not shake his head, not nodding, to remain silent, listening to the other ear, or a direct answer that he room to maneuver; or to evade the issue, outright; incomplete information can also be used as an excuse to talk about for the next opportunity.
negotiations if the other party is anxious to get the results that he will try a condition of any proposed reasons, so you'll have sufficient time to understand, support each other's thinking to explain the provisions. ponder before answering to do, or you think the best answer to the beginning, but it may be the most stupid. because all the question of negotiations Before then, it will be > each other's answer must be yes, because here, has the painting he is bound to accept an arrow.
must also be answered in the affirmative. because here drew an arrow, according to the signs to lure away each other, and the next question, also drew the arrow, so that the other fall into the trap, step by step.
fact, more or less all kinds of negotiations can be predicted in advance the other's answers. if using the is to ignore them. This is, in the really upset to.
generally buy any goods before any land Sales Miss, the number of discount or offer. If she A9 discount is the lowest, then usually ask to play 8-fold, and this is human nature Customers will also customary to ask: , the buyer yet another evasive words, and said they would go on to consider a day; and after the contact, the buyer price and deal more difficult, while fee and commission on profits, and even drop a few percentage. This is a typical high-priced products bought and sold immediately determine the client that he is not to call the shots; again is to make the process of price, if the initiative to cut prices too low, buyers are not interested, not only did not trade turnover, the gradual loss of the probe so that customers get upset, lose both of courage , the next worst too. even automatically to price, the buyer may still be In the bargain, the customer only to decide Yes or No.
bring your faith to the seller, prompting a blessing this fate different; some gifts, some get more accessories, and some strengthening is equipped with, and some direct sales, etc. to give price concessions.
At this time, most sales will be racking their brains, and then find other the incentives to strive for customer satisfaction. such as: increasing the number of free maintenance, or maintenance, growth, and so the warranty period.
when customers run into a hard-won concessions are willing to fight for his sales, and should not give up easily opportunities, the availability of services. because he may be your most lasting customer
Whether you are buying or seller, under the following conditions, may wish to adopt a Low turnover can:
negotiations, may wish to her bluntly admitted, and commodity prices have been on quite a reported solution, has a reserve price in mind. Maybe there really upset, maybe not. But this is not important, the most important secret . In order to save unnecessary trouble, allowing opponents only once a price. the case of the buyer, the seller asking price below the reserve price, then apart from anything else ------ into times higher than the reserve price if only , then the profit down to his willingness to accept minimum standards, and then quote a price!
example: One time, the need for business to be more stylish for the import of a car, only the first hand has been Business to negotiate:
and this reserve is open from other dealers, absolutely market. in order to save everyone's time, I want you to open a 'fixed price', I will never accept a second price. If you are cheaper than my reserve price high, then the sale of a deal; Otherwise, I'm sorry you Baipaoyitang out. he had to speak. the price opened higher, and will earn less; open lower, then traded to done. After thinking for a long time, and he finally murmured:
Do note that this time, you must not offer , as long as a asking price, will immediately become active passive advantages and disadvantages, this battle will be hard to beat. because the other will be based on your price, re-negotiations, the battle will be endless the!
Sorry! I can not tell you the price, the highest price because I just want to sell! 2500 dollars!
less familiar for their goods, do not go and talk about the quality of opponents, on the market, it only exposes it has been short, this strategy ------leave the worrying to the other prices! br> If the person reported that out of the price is lower than their reserve price, the immediate and scrupulous implementation reasonable price to. when necessary, you can also find a few peers to enable them to bid, the effect will be better, but the prerequisite is that you have, it must be popular in hot demand Caixing!
6 ------ in the most extreme edges of the side itches itching
generally the most ticklish waist, slightly at the waist of a scratch, he would immediately have a strong reaction, even to resist. But if in the back of the waist and between the His reaction is not obvious, you can catch, not catch it does not matter.
told him that there was an ant crawling in the back, do not itch? he will easily scratched. do not tell him, also if nothing had happened. Therefore, in the most itches itching, the most resistant; farther away from the itch, the minimum resistance. So scratch to scratch to perfection, the edge is the most itches.
in commercial negotiations, such as to first understand the limits of the other party can bear before the negotiations, most likely the best interests for their own gain. But the proposed conditions, but also as close to each other acceptable limits, the other party that will be considered. At this time further enhanced persuasion, shake each other ideas and determination, will be the best price of the transaction.
example: When we go shopping, see a model wearing a beautiful dress, price 300 yuan, assuming that the direct cost of 175 yuan, and you just 1.75 million bid, the seller only reason you will not, but also believe that your problem. fees, associated costs are not enough, how could deal.
200 yuan if the bid, the seller will have to consider the room. as long as you can think of ways to convince him, for example, who do not have so much money and other reasons, in the most itchy Office next to the itching, the transaction is more likely to have reached.
25 million purchase price of a motor vehicle, after finishing, waxing, repair paint, the asking price 287,500. customers after test after a visit that all agreed, so the two sides to start bargaining, the customer offer 237,500, the seller immediately refused, and suggested that he may consider the same style, year of manufacture of the car one year earlier. customers do not agree, so the suspension of the bargaining parties.
next day, the buyer come again, increase 25,000 and stated that the price we do not sell, he would give up, not combined with price. This way, car makers have to carefully consider:
and hoarding products, cash flow can not be used, have to quote interest. are selling can be, do not sell can be. , buy a car, but also to come here, hoping to make a long-term business car dealers, not only a sale.
5 minutes later, the two sides decided to 262,500 yuan closed transactions.
example: I had a similar experience. Not long ago, sell a house, the reserve price of 1.25 million, 1.325 million asking price. the buyer after the visit, out of a price, 1,275,000, no matter how I fight, the buyer just would not increase. At that time, I really wish the buyer to offer 1.28 million , then do not consider such a bother. the buyer does not increase, but does not appear the case of the second buyer had to convince his own:
not necessarily higher than this price. If sold, whatever the outcome, a little money to make; does not sell, I do not know until when we can deal? !
So, when you scratch the other side can be tolerated when the itch, we must seize the opportunity, without cross-border within the scope of facilities for the effort to give yourself room for one of the biggest bargaining.
6 limit ------ On the edge of the side in the most itches itching <> generally the most ticklish waist, slightly at the waist of a scratch, he would immediately have a strong reaction, even to resist. However, if between the waist and back, and he The reaction is not obvious, you can catch, not catch it does not matter. <> told him that there was an ant crawling in the back, do not itch? he will easily scratched. do not tell him, also if nothing had happened. Therefore, in the most itches itching, the most resistant; farther away from the itch, the minimum resistance. So scratch to scratch to perfection, the edge is the most itches. <> in business negotiations, if the first the limits of understanding of each other can bear before negotiations are most likely to win for their own best interests. But the proposed conditions, but also as close to each other acceptable limits, the other party that will be considered. At this time further enhanced persuasion, shaken each other's ideas and determination, will be the best price. <> Example: When we go shopping, see a model wearing a beautiful dress, price 300 yuan, assuming that the direct cost was 175 yuan, and you just 1.75 million bid, the seller only reason you will not, but also believe that your problem. , transportation expenses, even the costs are not enough, how could the deal. <> If you bid 200, the seller will have to consider the room. as long as you can think of ways to convince him, for example, who do not have so much money and other reasons, side in the most itches itching, more likely to reach a deal. <> example: my friends car dealers have this experience: <> 25 million purchase price of a motor vehicle, after finishing, waxing, repair paint, the asking price 287,500. customers after test after a visit that all agreed, so the two sides start bargaining, customer bid 237,500, the seller immediately refused, and suggested that he may consider the same style, year of manufacture of the car one year earlier. customers do not agreed, so the two sides suspended bargaining. <> The next day, the buyer come again, increase 25,000, and stated that the price we do not sell, he would give up, not combined with price. This way, car makers have to carefully thinking: <> ;> both sides in the negotiation, the client has repeatedly expressed the desire to buy the car. After the transfer, a car, will come here, want dealers to be a long-term business, not only a business. < > 5 minutes later, the two sides decided to 262,500 yuan closed deal. <> Example: I had a similar experience. Not long ago, sell a house, the reserve price of 1.25 million, 1.325 million asking price. the buyer after the visit, out of a price, 1,275,000, no matter how I fight, the buyer just would not increase. At that time, I really wish the buyer to offer 1.28 million, then do not consider such a bother. the buyer does not increase, but the second buyer does not appear circumstances, had to convince his own: <>, When will the deal have to wait until? seize the opportunity, without cross-border within the scope of facilities for the effort to give yourself room for one of the biggest bargaining.
7 of soft locked Act <> ; slightly Shi Xiaohui Law specific objectives; a positive and hope that present an immediate and positive results. <> be department store into a hall, can not help being attracted to cosmetics counters, sales lady then you free trial, half inviting semi-forced to work for you, for your heart make-up. in a good makeup, the vast majority of women seen makeup mirror on their own is so beautiful, based on the Sales also strengthened when Ms explanation of a series of attacks: on the makeup before, do not forget the foundation, in order to strengthen the three-dimensional, do not forget the eye shadow, eyeliner, blush, lipstick, and finally and most importantly, the makeup water and remover even more essential. a business transaction, the business also came one after another, and this is a typical ;> Jie Yao dog barks in the car repair customer to obtain the vehicle before the first dress, or fix the car first, then the rest is just a small margin for price Bale. If the watch industry was first watches for repair, the resulting profit, no more than the later. <> business use of parry. but this is negotiation strategy is immoral, businessmen to maintain a good reputation, not only to make profits using this strategy to treat customers. <> to avoid is not easily accept the merchant to take the initiative benefits, unless you are interested in this product. Otherwise, take other people's mercy, once they are stuck, difficult to get out of the
<> 8 straight to the point Bargaining Act <> When buyers and sellers stalemate for some time, still can not poked each other's reserve price, may wish to straight to the point, straight to the point, perhaps How much is the price, if they are not price cuts, had to cancel the deal on. . <> After all, whether buying or selling, always because of the ambition to complete the transaction before the talks continue. too strong persistence, often have one to give up. At this point, understand that to a showdown, if he did not cut prices, business may not proceed, the other may often be more careful re-consideration, and thus the opportunity for further negotiation. <> Example: In a house sale experience, a very sincere, and satisfied customers on the housing bargain with me. However, Fan conversation, I found that the customers before bargaining has not been pre-assessment, in order to strive for a more reasonable profit, so I insisted on the price for quite a while, the two sides have not been able to talk about the results . by the way, and crack down after a stalemate. This customer could not and her bluntly said to me: <> At this time, if I continue to do so, the deal may thus wasted. even to re-find the buyer, is not able to keep the same profit. Finally, the agreement between the parties and then the reduced proportionally, and finally a successful transaction. <> ; this experience, so I believe that, if the buyer dared ;> example: between friends, it is inevitable because of the rumor and misunderstanding third party. And the two sides face each other may concern, inconvenience speak frankly, but in my heart. Over time, one day, due to a little misunderstanding affect each other's friendship. As the saying goes: The man with the intentions of that third party. <> Sometimes, at the outset to tell you: <> all the way to stick to it, and then continue to do so, the last people to believe that it really is denied. On the contrary, if we continue to affirm Look at this man chasing woman example: <> M: have a party tomorrow night, want to invite you to attend together? ;> Woman: Conversely, if in the third, fourth, the woman invited to a date agreed, ;> Example: go to department stores to buy things also applies to: <> Customer: ! I know you are good customers, but 9 of the Company in addition to VIP discount, but all do not discount, so sorry! Debit Card. ;> Customer: ; <> Customer: <> S: exchanges or transactions, regardless of sex, as long as you adhere to the other side the fact that, instead of deceiving him, and did not play games, play with effort, the other will think is really a remind the reader that not every kind of goods are suitable for this kind of reasonable, and no retreat back. <> 3. attitude tactful, do not irritate customers.
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