April 2, 2007
Western intelligentsia and the mainstream popularity in today's , a universal their place.
perhaps he is a ancient history scholar, used to span the period from the history of the view, Hsu Cho-yun, like the history of human culture confluence of rivers, is a gradual process of integration. prehistoric times, every region, even every village will have their own very unique cultural characteristics. gradually after exposure, after all, many areas of cultural integration in major big culture. cultural development in the world, the status and rich content of their own culture until the formation of global culture today amassed. Although we have yet to complete facilities of world culture, but once that time to the node, and all cultures genes shared by all humanity. In the past all Culture is like a small river, eventually merging into the world ocean. (segmentation, only synthesis of a cultural community.
as a successor to the Chinese culture, Hsu Cho-yun on the one hand the Chinese culture, culture in the world has not occupied the central position should be filled with anxiety, on the other hand on their future with confidence. Although open global cultural clues, several major cultural system is integrated with each other, fused into a common system of human culture, but this new system is still Greek Hebrew m m Christian system as the main component, China, India and the Islamic Cultural three systems, yet provide substantial component. (China's past experience and tragicomedy, will be able to present and future development of universal human history provide a useful reference. (. elucidation of the human civilization Jaspers ability to point out that before the 6th century BC, China's Confucius, Buddha in India, Persia, Suo Luo Yashi the end of the Jewish and the Greek Pythagoras Isaiah Wise Men appeared almost simultaneously. He called this era in history The Axial Age. those areas experiencing the Axial Age word, because this no historical consciousness, no life beyond the earth for Meaning; person from the beasts, but that the ability to master the use of fire. so prehistoric Karl Jaspers called the around 5000 BC in some areas of human development in agriculture, text and countries, this is the so-called Age civilization. Jaspers that the axis of civilization are gradually merging in the moment for the modern technological civilization. He said the present era as the complex means of livelihood, but had not found a new historical significance. next World Cultures and alive, but with awareness and reflection, and rational ability to get rid of its own constraints and limitations of natural to seek a better life. These features led to the generation of consciousness in human history, since then, several major axis of civilizations their own characteristics and its future development. (choice, the initial choice to become the keynote of a culture, they are the equivalent of biological genes. the human population has left the convention genetic information is passed to future generations continue to form a response to the specific method of nature and society. In the absence of other new conditions and new happens, a society will continue to follow existing methods, this is the continuation of knowledge. but extending itself is a constraint, making a cultural problem, he inherited the particular way; while the other not subject to the constraints of a different culture, it will follow other norms to take another approach. So each culture has produced its own characteristics, of course, this feature will continue to modify, extend it in a short time greater than breaking, but over time, often greatly changed. (Hsu Cho-yun, , relatively speaking, the more ancient times, it is subject to the greater impact of the natural environment; and more later, it is subject to the greater human impact. (Hsu Cho-yun, p. 35) Hsu Cho-yun to tease out the genes of ancient Chinese culture, , which has lost three primary colors. departure, Hsu Cho-yun of the flow of Chinese culture and history.
appears in Hsu Cho-yun, Chinese civilization is not the first break in the axis of Karl Jaspers called International. Zhou replaced after the business and become the world common lord, Zhou perhaps for the purpose of strengthening the legitimacy of its rule, often self-reflection, in weeks how to overcome such a small state Dayi business problems. final answer is: Week replace the business is former ; the representative of the defenders of morality and the ultimate arbiter. the so-called concept, the first in the world to give life meaning, but also the lives of people with certain moral standards. the time of Confucius in China for The system can not meet the actual needs. Confucius, who at that time to find a new point to the birth of Confucian culture, represented by this breakthrough, the main purpose of the universal humanity, and so would have only line of the noble concept of transmission in the ritual among the general public. Chinese culture focus on the third break in Northern and Southern Dynasties, this time, the Qin and Han dynasties established uniform collapse of the old system, fill in the blank influence of Buddhism, Confucianism has led to changes in the old. this first breakthrough in the process of three very long, the initial and final completion in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty. Chinese and European history at this time is officially parted ways contacts: After the fall of the Roman Empire, Europe, and then does not appear truly unified empire, but If the Qin and Han China's first completed a its Buddhist-based culture has not conquered foreign culture, traditional Chinese thinking, but are being integrated into the Chinese cultural system, and then formed a new Chinese culture, and its crystallization is thought to be later known as Neo-Confucianism Neo-Confucianism. ( whether and when to complete the break is now uncertain. The big change is, of course the direct cause of the challenge of Western imperialism. However, with more and more held by contemporary scholars of similar, Hsu Cho-yun that the traditional Chinese ; universal order increasingly rigid; Academic become cumbersome technology, and even the lack of art transformed into pure energy and decorative art. In short, and world culture, need to cope with the overwhelming impact of Western culture, so as to cope with fatigue while running around in circles, on the one hand there a complete lack of confidence Westernization; the other hand and because the role of emotional rebound, people expressed strong nationalism. people in recent decades, in the review their own cultural traditions, but also because the role of nationalist sentiment, and difficult to make rational analysis. will find that Western culture itself is also facing the rigid trend. Therefore, culture It is also closely linked with the future of the world.
according to Dr. Hsu's view, this Language; (Since the Western political system and economic and scientific melting as a furnace) in the shadow of a glimpse of a ray of world civilization and trends. But the indications have been presented, the future direction of development of world culture Quefei but not gratifying, but is worth worrying about and vigilance.
emerging world civilization of the main characteristics of modern science and industry, and they contracted due to a strong Western Europe began in earnest in the Western context. But this is just something innate come by chance of history History is not inevitable, because science and industry and the Western civilization is not inseparable unity of the whole. However, many of the world accepted the science in non-Western civilization / industrial civilization, they often commit a mistake, that is, that must be accepted therefore the overall the entire Western civilization. (involved in cultural background and value personal feelings, so the new technological and cultural beliefs will not be helpful to the new. Not only that, it will greatly impact many other cultural value system of the original, so that they radically changed. (the root is the beginning of the present in culture, to create a breakthrough stage. then put forward some fundamental assumptions, which are assumed in the subsequent development of the culture has always been the foundation of the culture, like the axioms of geometry in general. These axiom, for example, the very existence of God, and the invariance of Heaven itself, in today's scientific culture, are facing a dilemma can not be proven, and scientific properties that need to be real results, whether it is experimental or demonstration. with science property can be proved, is to check the great civilizations of the past few fundamental nature, these are not pass the test the fundamental nature of the difficulties. 105)
personalized. species based on the Hebrew roots of Christianity m m Greek body of Western culture, civilization, new technologies in its own logical necessity if blindly to develop, will the relationship between man and nature, human relations and human way of thinking catastrophic mm consequences of environmental damage, depletion of resources; alienation between individuals, groups become the great oppression of the individual power; thinking on the objectivity, instrumental and practical reality is reflected in everything the world does not understand the purpose and the ultimate question meaning, just ask the process, means the attitude of hh (purposes of care, but the religious component in this system, after shrinking, the purpose of care will disappear. If in the future follow the path of human development of a common culture, what is the purpose of human culture, will be very difficult to understand explanation. (stage, it is thousands of years various cultures have lost had the first effort of Santa Yin cumulative results, if the biological is a reflection of biological instinct food color! identity of all communities have disappeared one by one, so each individual lost in a strange city and unfamiliar crowd. We are free aimlessly in the outside of the inherent time and space, as if returned to the jungles of the year. human flower 8000 years of time trying to improve their lives, at the end, we returned to the jungle to another. Today the jungle where the tree is the city's skyscrapers, in the past we used bows and arrows hunting, hunting tools we use today is money, we The object is to hunt other human beings. we are back to the jungle, so we must once again start again start to see what we in the new wilderness areas, what questions to ask. (what to replace it, what to rebuild? This is the most urgent work. Of course, the positive side, the technology requirements of universal civilization and rationalization may cancel some of the burden of the negative, such as national and ethnic boundaries of prejudice. (are considered to be dogma, no longer has the ability to regulate. This specification has shaken the old and new value system has not been a do not think the current trend is inevitable that law or can not be changed, after all, the future of mankind depends on our common civilization, or the moment of free will and self-efforts. the future will not necessarily be towards universal civilization and the West go on the established path of civilization, of course, if we do not add the new direction and a new composition, then, from occasional ingredient in Western Europe is likely to become its main content; but if we consciously change something, then add a little something We can change it into some form of logic is this. inseparable. On the one hand the human need for the future provide a valuable element of universal culture. because, in fact, Western culture over the last century itself has undergone drastic changes, changes in the magnitude and extent of the deep, we are faced with no less than social and cultural change in the situation. Therefore, today we discussed the Chinese culture, it should not be regarded as a static entity, rather we should change as the current global adjustment. who had, but to create a global culture process, so that each of the main culture to contribute their useful and meaningful part, available to our children in order to cast a new financial world culture. process and its cultural development in the world of status a big collapse, and how we survived the next wave of breakthrough, out of the predicament of another state, depends on our age how to respond. This time, human cultural change, should not be the ultimate collapse and should be Another breakthrough: breaking through difficulties, a new realm of recycling. In the past three mm described way of thinking, interpersonal relations, relations between man and nature, mm, the world can not make up modern civilization has its flaws, the system only from the Western European cultural heritage difficult to find way out of. are eligible in the future a place in world civilization in addition to Western civilization, there are Chinese civilization, Indian civilization, Islamic civilization. (age transfer, And this giant up to 100 years from the The system features of Chinese civilization, Western civilization is complementary with a short length, while if the two civilizations is included in the genetic future of human civilization and globalization to create a common system among the long term, can make up our own shortcomings, Also of great benefit to the sustainability of human civilization. (Several other cultural systems suffer are the future of mankind should be provided to take up the rational world civilization will eventually form what is now of course difficult to predict, but according to the history of human experience has been developed, some of its basic principles still symptomatic. First, it should be able to form a universal order, and not limited to the region or race; (God, or escape of the Plaza in the nature of; (Traditional fracture, (The model is a universal cultural circle the world, no clear boundaries, can not be defined only by political power. Confucianism is also not Jewish, as are the forefront of racial exclusivity, can transcend to a place outside of China. Thus, the history of China for we are facing future universal order, should have its reference value. (society, to personal development opportunities to the individual good for the group accumulated good. people do not have to pray for the kingdom of God on the ground there, but try to fulfill this life, self-improvement. (culture, Circle of worth on the charism of the one true God, and relatively speaking, the Chinese cultural sphere of human values, should be more suitable for the future world order, because the future must be inclusive and pluralistic world, and the Christian faith is a God is exclusive. Muslim world have had their universal world, but is also a monotheistic religions, Islam and Christianity in exactly the same exclusive. In addition, under the influence of modern science, narrowly defined concept of a God of faith and divine mercy, also increasingly shaky. the mainstream of world culture to another Hindu, you will always find the inner peace of individuals, intended to deal with the problems between people. In today's industrial society, no one can live apart. Therefore, the which several cultures, Confucian culture is most likely in the future transformation. (space, can be welded to the future world order, be a valuable component. (, but this breakthrough was and is bound to happen. It requires a lot of conditions with which the most fundamental sense of self-examination is to have a unique group of elite intellectuals. and such intellectuals, in Hsu Cho-yun It seems that in modern society is difficult to produce.
all previous civilizations are basically internal intellectuals can be divided into three categories: First priest type; Second, official type; third is a doctor-based lawyer, that knowledge as a valuable commodity to sell to living and social status of intellectuals. Western European intellectuals, lawyers doctors emphasis on type, the Chinese emphasis on official type, India emphasis priest type. contemporary intellectuals close to the third category is of course, but the type of traditional intellectuals, lawyers and doctors not exactly the same. because of the professional division of labor in modern society-depth knowledge of contemporary intellectuals, although the sale of all knowledge as its occupation, but the source and the way their knowledge is the institutional organization. In other words, he has no direct knowledge of sold to the general public. contemporary intellectuals constantly in the forefront of advancing knowledge, use their knowledge and work indirectly serve the public. The new intellectuals are actually three types of mergers in the past, their weakness is not dependent on the group or organization not: they rely on very expensive research equipment, relying on a large team; Moreover, the deepening of specialization so that the new intellectuals are extremely difficult career transition, everyone trapped in his job or his office to his home the body. These factors are likely to make the new intellectuals of the past completely lost with the independence of intellectuals, and then lost their properties in the community for the elite. (the first 105-107 pages) future in philosophy, literature will not be easy re-emergence of a truly thoughtful person. the scientific community and perhaps, it touches on the future of the scientific community will not be possible to develop a new philosophy and deserves careful consideration. Qing China change To this end the development of the traditional sanctity. They are often vested interest in the molecular, the rights and status have always self-affirmation. Thus, there are intellectuals and not a single force them to work the opportunity for reflection, broke through and beyond the end difficult to happen. Historically, a cultural breakthrough, and to give new definition is often rely on such a small number of intellectuals: they rise and fall of ups and downs of social upheaval because of the loss of the original vested interests, the cultural center from the original free out, these are very conservative elite could have had the edge so under the new conditions into the environment as the most progressive forces. this time, they will have their own cultural heritage with deep sense of crisis and introspection, to form a creative transformation. (a powerful position. They transformed into free intellectuals, which resulted in the sacred traditions of their questions. You doubt and introspection, and Quran of new ideas (such as Confucius and the pre-Qin philosophers), this ancient culture can elevated to a new realm of so-called Axial Age. (We hardly can imagine some of the intellectuals out of a career to tie him down, leave the lab, leaving his colleagues, but also valuable knowledge to do the work. Hsu Cho-yun so that intellectuals must seek liberation from the mental, as its Liangzhiliangneng the breakthrough efforts of civilization. (One reason that China itself is in the economic, political and other aspects of recovery. He believed that if the global pattern of East Asia will be like the future of the region as in Europe, together with the integrity of the economy, and China because of its human resources and the huge economic resources, will continue to occupy leadership. Today, although the influence of Chinese culture can not return to ancient times, long term, her influence still can not be ignored. (Periods of history shift more factors of traditional Chinese culture, Chinese culture and his own for more than a century in the past the crisis facing its We are today a bit like the environment in which Spring and Autumn Period, the old system collapse, and to rebuild it to keep continuity in the person next to solve the problem. or a small school can be completed, must be set before the public force. (Buddhism, Confucianism, but also so new moves mastered mm Neo-Confucianism. Today Confucian rivals face a variety of modernism, which ; ism, characteristics of ancient culture
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